On the base of the 3D seismic profile interpretations, combined with the previous findings, geometry and tectonic evolution across and along the Laojunmiao break-thrust belt in the northern margin of the Northern Qilian belt are deciphered. The Laojunmiao belt is a bi-layer thrust system, consisting of a trishear faultpropagation fold system in the upper part, wedge-shaped thrust in the lower part. The Laojunmiao thrust system is linked with the NE-SW striking-slip 134 fault in the western segment, which forms a unified system of fracture on the Laojunmiao belt. Thrusting sheet above the hanging wall of the 134-Laojunmiao fault system is folded under nearly E-S compressive stress field, which results in the N-S striking folding to superpose on the Cenozoic bedding.

The authors adopt molecular dynamics simulations to get a basic physical image of the tungsten ablation phenomenon induced by intense pulsed ions irradiation. A one-dimension heat transfer model is set up and a series of simulations with different pulse energy fluences are applied. Ablation threshold and ablation depth are calculated and compared with thermal dynamic theoretical values. Energy allocation condition of the simulation system are discussed, which depends on whether the pulse energy exceed ablation threshold. Based on the calculation results, the authors drew a preliminary profile of tungsten ablation under a transient high heat flux brought by energetic ions.

The immobilized cellulase was prepared by using aminated SiO₂ with glutaraldehyde as crosslinking agent. The best immobilized reacting condition were glutaraldehyde concentration of 4% (v/v), crosslinking time for 60 minutes, cellulase dosage of 35 U/g and reaction time for 5 hours. The obtained immobilized cellulase displayed best enzyme activity. Compared with free cellulase, immobilized one had lower sensitivity to pH and temperature of reacting system and higher time stability and thermal stability. The immobilized cellulase had higer Ed, ΔH^*, ΔS^* and ΔG^* to thermo inactivation reaction, which showed that the immobilization slowed down the inactivation velocity of cellulase and reduced the potentiality of inactivation reaction.

The authors propose a simulated annealing (SA) based inversion method to calculate hydraulic fracture parameters. A synthetic tilt data is used to demonstrate the accuracy of this new approach when inversing the hydraulic fracture parameters such as central position, azimuth, dip and volume. Compared with conventional gradient-based approaches or Bayesian inversion method, the new SA-based method can not only estimate the fracture parameters effectively, but also enlarge the objective function’s convergent region significantly. It relieves the accuracy requirement on initial guess, so that its applicable scope is extended significantly, and any prior fracture information to start with is unnecessary. This study provides algorithmic foundation for the real-time calculation of fracture parameters during hydraulic fracturing.

Thermal response of pure and two kinds of oxide dispersion strengthened tungsten alloys were investigated using intense pulsed ion beam (IPIB) device. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to examine the surface modifications and the distributions of dispersion elements. By comparing the results, it is found that pure tungsten show a better resistance to thermal shock. From the perspective of the tolerance of heat load, WL10 and WYT are not recommended for PFMs.

Finite-difference method-single-shot record method is applied to forward-model kink-band models. Based on the analysis of forward modeling results and the features of seismic images response to the various kink-band belt models, the conclusions are summarized as follow. 1) In the seismic profile, kink-band belt is characterized by the substantial width of low-reflectivity, low-signal-to-noise zone and their sub-parallel edges in cross section, which are different from the features of the fault structure. 2) Their orientations at a high angle to layering can impact on the seismic imaging efforts. 3) Steeply or nearly vertical dipping bedding in the kink-band belt often misguide the reflection interface tracking by some overvalued and other false information. These results can provide first references for interpretation of the seismic profiles, such as identifying structural type, and distinguishing the fault from the kink-band.

Based on structural geometries, kinematic observations, and sand-box simulation results, the new interpretation explains that the Bachu fold belt in the Tarim basin is composed of detachment folds flanked by various-scale kink bands primarily unassociated with faulting. The Bachu antiform belt is characterized by the detachment fold. The detachment fold crests are bounded by kink bands, which are narrow zones of angularly folded strata. The substantial width of these kink bands, their sub-parallel edges in the outcrop cross-sections, and their orientation at a high angle to layering, as well as their organized spacing and conjugate geometry, support a kink-band interpretation. Application of sandbox models for tectonic simulate modeling regenerates kink-band development and evolution: wide-gentle detachment folding → tight detachment folding → fold pop-up → fault adjusting. The analog results strongly support that the kink-band is one of the structure types to form the Bachu fold zone.

Based on the review of rock mechanics theory and recent simulated experiment results, as well as sand-box simulation and seismic profile interpretation, the new interpretation explains that some uplifts/folds with high-angle deformation bands in the Tarim basin to be composed of folds flanked by megascopic-scale kink bands. The low-reflectivity, low-signal-tonoise zones seen in seismic profiles across the Bachu fold belt are poorly imaged sections of the folds that result from steeply dipping bedding in the kink bands. These fuzzy seismic zones show a substantial width in the seismic profile. According to the Maximum Effective of Moment Criterion (MEMC), the substantial width of these low reflectivity zones, their subparallel edges in cross section, and their orientation at a high angle to layering, as well as their organized spacing and the obtuse angle in the contraction direction of conjugate kink-bands, indicate that there are kink-band structures and kink-related folds in the Bachu uplift.

A rigorous mathematical model for the well-known practical parallelogram method for insurance premium rate adjustment is set up.A modified parallelogram method and an even more general triangle method are presented，which can be seen as new tools for ratemaking.

The infinite composition and decomposition properties of compound Poisson distributions are demonstrated. It covers the classical results of Gerber H.U.

A new model, assuming "material extrusion along the simple-shearing direction during deformation", based on three-dimensional deformation theory and transpression model, investigates the relationships between "material extrusion along shear direction" and emerging combinations of foliation-lineation orientations, switches of foliation or lineation orientations and three-dimensional kinematic vorticity in terms of finite strains. The analysis shows that the material extrusion along shear direction will work on structural fabric patterns in tectonites. In thinning deformation, if material extrusion along vertical direction (z) is less than that along shear direction (x) (a≤1), the vertical foliation-horizontal lineation develops for the lengthening / thinning shear deformation, and the combining-patterns of foliation-lineation are independent of kinematic vorticity number (ω_k). However, in case of a>1, i.e. widening / thinning shear deformation, structural fabric patterns of shear zone are determined by two factors, namely, kinematic vorticity number (ω_k) and shortening (k) parallel to y-axis. The implications of this study are differential orientations of stretching lineations might be formed in the same transport direction of a shear zone, particularly in high-strain zones, the orientation of stretching lineations is not necessarily shear-parallel to the simple-shear component during the three-dimensional deformation.

An evaluation on the wind environment around skyscrapers was made according to some experiments. Due to the analysis on the experimental data and numerical simulation results, some local highvelocity areas will appear in winter. In order to guarantee the pedestrian safety in strong wind conditions, some countermeasures need to be taken.

The disturbed flow caused by three six-storied residential buildings and a twenty-storied tall tower, respectively, as well as the distribution of traffic tail gas from a nearby road, are simulated by using an urban climate model. The results show that with the same built areas the ventilation ability of the atmospheric environment around the tall tower is better than that around the multi-storied buildings.

Zanda basin, located in the outhwestern Tibetan Plateau, was developed in the inner of Himalayas. The northeastern border of Zanda basin is the Ayila Rij yu thrust, while its northwestern boundary is the Qusum detachment fault. As the controlling structure, the southern Tibetan detachment system (STDS) formed the southwestern boundary of the Zanda basin. In the basin, there developed a series of Neogene strata, which can be divided into two segments. The lower segment is composed of interlayering fluvial and lake deposits, whereas the upper segment consists exclusively of lake sediments. The lower segment can be divided into three sedimentary cyclothems that is marked by the occurrence conglomerate. The lake deposits in the upper segment are almost composed of latilamina mudstone. The dominant tectonics controling the formation of the Zanda basin is extensional, but this basin experienced contraction perpendicular to the orogen at the same time.

This note is to give the LIL for sequences of random variables with random indices, which improves the results of Torrang I.